How to Hike the Wave in Coyote Buttes, Arizona

The Wave is one of the most iconic and visually stunning geological formations on Earth—a swirling, undulating sandstone sculpture carved over 190 million years by wind and water. Located within the remote Coyote Buttes North area of the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness in northern Arizona, this natural wonder draws photographers, adventurers, and nature enthusiasts from across the globe. Yet, despite its fame, hiking The Wave is not a casual day trip. It requires careful planning, physical preparation, and adherence to strict regulations designed to preserve its fragile ecosystem. This comprehensive guide walks you through every step of the process, from securing a permit to navigating the trail, ensuring you experience The Wave safely, respectfully, and memorably.

What makes The Wave so special is not just its surreal appearance—its rippled layers of red, orange, and cream sandstone resemble frozen ocean waves—but also its extreme scarcity. Only 20 people per day are allowed to hike to The Wave, making it one of the most competitive permits in the U.S. national park system. The remoteness of the location, combined with its delicate sandstone surface and lack of signage, means that even experienced hikers can easily become disoriented. This guide demystifies the entire process, offering a detailed, step-by-step roadmap to help you turn your dream of standing beneath The Wave into a reality.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Understand the Permit System

Access to The Wave is strictly controlled by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to protect the environment from overuse. The permit system limits daily visitors to 20 people total: 10 through a lottery system held four months in advance, and 10 through a same-day lottery held at the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Visitor Center in Kanab, Utah. There are no walk-up permits available at the trailhead. You must apply for a permit before you begin your journey.

The advance lottery opens on the first day of each month, four months prior to your intended hike date. For example, if you plan to hike in June, you must apply on February 1st. Applications are submitted online via the BLM’s official website: https://www.blm.gov/visit/wave-permit. The system is highly competitive, with thousands of applications submitted within minutes of the lottery opening. It’s essential to have your account set up in advance, with all personal information, payment method, and preferred dates ready.

Each permit allows up to six people per group, but only one group per day can be issued a permit through the advance lottery. You must list all group members at the time of application. If you’re traveling solo, you can still apply as a group of one, but you’ll be competing against larger groups. It’s often easier to join a group of friends or connect with other applicants through hiking forums to increase your chances.

Step 2: Prepare Your Application

Before the lottery opens, ensure you have the following ready:

• A valid email address
• Full legal names and dates of birth for every group member
• A credit or debit card for the $7 non-refundable application fee per person
• At least three preferred date ranges (in order of priority)

Choose dates during shoulder seasons—April–May and September–October—for the best weather conditions. Avoid summer months (June–August) when temperatures can exceed 100°F (38°C), and winter months (December–February) when snow and ice can make the trail hazardous. The trailhead is at an elevation of over 5,000 feet, so even in spring and fall, temperatures can vary drastically between day and night.

When applying, be realistic about your group size. Larger groups have a lower chance of being selected due to the 20-person daily cap. If you’re traveling with five others, you’ll need to be lucky to win a permit. Consider splitting into two smaller groups of three or four to increase your odds.

Step 3: Monitor the Lottery Results

Lottery results are typically posted on the BLM website by the 15th of the month following your application. For example, if you applied on February 1st for a June hike, results will be available by February 15th. You will receive an email notification, but it’s critical to check your account manually—email filters sometimes misplace official messages.

If you are selected, you will be prompted to pay a $7.50 per person permit fee within 48 hours. Failure to pay on time forfeits your permit. Once paid, you will receive a printable permit with your group’s name, date, and a unique permit number. Print two copies—one to carry with you and one to leave in your vehicle. You must present this permit at the trailhead check-in station.

If you are not selected, you can reapply the next month. Many successful hikers apply multiple times over several months or even years. Persistence is key. Consider applying for less popular months, such as early spring or late fall, when competition is slightly lower.

Step 4: Plan Your Route and Transportation

The Wave is accessed via the Coyote Buttes North Trailhead, located approximately 8 miles from the nearest paved road on a rough, unpaved dirt track. The trailhead is not marked on most GPS systems, so you must rely on precise coordinates:

• Trailhead Coordinates: 36.9941° N, 111.5758° W
• Nearest Town: Kanab, Utah (approximately 50 miles away)

Access requires a high-clearance, four-wheel-drive vehicle. While some experienced drivers with all-wheel-drive SUVs have made the trip in dry conditions, a true 4WD vehicle with low-range gearing is strongly recommended. The road includes steep inclines, deep ruts, loose gravel, and washboard sections. Even with a 4WD vehicle, drive slowly and avoid the trail after rain—mud can render the road impassable.

Do not attempt the drive in a low-clearance sedan, sports car, or RV. Many hikers rent 4WD vehicles from Kanab-based outfitters like Kanab 4x4 Rentals or Paria Outfitters. Always confirm the vehicle’s condition and tire tread before departure. Carry spare tires, a jack, and a tire inflator—cell service is nonexistent in the area.

Step 5: Pack the Right Gear

The Wave hike is approximately 6 to 7 miles round-trip with an elevation gain of about 500 feet. The terrain is uneven, sandy, and exposed. You’ll need to carry all water, food, and safety equipment. There are no water sources, shade, or restrooms along the trail.

Essential gear includes:

• Water: At least 1 gallon (3.8 liters) per person. Dehydration is a serious risk, even in cooler months.
• Food: High-energy snacks (nuts, energy bars, dried fruit) and a light lunch. Avoid heavy meals that can slow you down.
• Footwear: Sturdy hiking boots with excellent ankle support and grip. Sandals and trail runners are not recommended due to loose sand and rocky sections.
• Clothing: Moisture-wicking layers, a wide-brimmed hat, UV-protective sunglasses, and sun-protective clothing. Temperatures can soar under direct sun.
• Navigation: GPS device or offline map app (Gaia GPS or AllTrails Pro) loaded with the trail route. Cell service is nonexistent. A physical map and compass are backups.
• First Aid Kit: Include blister care, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and any personal medications.
• Emergency Supplies: Whistle, headlamp with extra batteries, space blanket, and a fully charged power bank.
• Camera: A tripod is useful for sunrise/sunset shots, but be prepared to carry it over rough terrain.

Do not bring drones. They are prohibited in the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness. Also avoid single-use plastics—pack everything in reusable containers and pack out all trash.

Step 6: Begin Your Hike

On the day of your hike, arrive at the trailhead by sunrise. The BLM requires all groups to begin hiking between sunrise and 10 a.m. This rule ensures that hikers complete the trek before extreme afternoon heat sets in. Starting early also gives you the best light for photography and the most solitude on the trail.

At the trailhead, you’ll find a small wooden kiosk with a permit check-in log. Sign your name, permit number, and time of departure. This is mandatory. Rangers may conduct random checks along the trail or at the return point.

The trail begins as a broad, sandy wash. Follow the faint path marked by occasional cairns (rock piles). The first mile is relatively flat, but the terrain becomes increasingly rocky and sandy. After approximately 1.5 miles, you’ll reach a prominent ridge. From here, the trail becomes more defined and begins to climb slightly toward the final approach to The Wave.

Navigation is the biggest challenge. There are no signs or trail markers beyond the first mile. Many hikers get lost because they follow the easiest path rather than the correct one. Use your GPS to track your position relative to the coordinates of The Wave. If you’re unsure, stop and reorient yourself. It’s better to take a few extra minutes than to wander off course.

The final 0.5 miles require scrambling over sandstone ledges. Use your hands for balance. The rock is soft and can be easily damaged—stay on established paths and avoid stepping on fragile crusts or lichen-covered surfaces. The Wave itself is a small, enclosed amphitheater. You can walk around it, but do not climb on the sandstone formations. Touching the rock accelerates erosion.

Step 7: Return Safely

You have a maximum of 10 hours to complete the hike from your start time. Most groups take 4 to 6 hours round-trip, depending on fitness level and photo stops. Plan to return before 4 p.m. to avoid hiking in low light.

On your return, retrace your steps. Do not take shortcuts. The terrain is unforgiving, and off-trail travel damages the ecosystem. When you reach the trailhead, sign out on the logbook. This helps the BLM track usage and manage conservation efforts.

Before leaving, inspect your vehicle for sand or debris that may have entered the undercarriage. Wash your boots thoroughly to prevent spreading invasive seeds or soil pathogens to other areas.

Best Practices

Leave No Trace Principles

Respecting the environment is not optional—it’s a requirement. The Wave’s sandstone is incredibly fragile. A single footprint can take decades to fade. Follow these Leave No Trace principles:

• Stay on designated trails and rock surfaces—never create new paths.
• Pack out everything you bring in, including food wrappers, tissues, and toilet paper.
• Use a portable toilet or dig a cathole at least 200 feet from water sources and trails if you must relieve yourself.
• Do not collect rocks, plants, or any natural objects. Even small souvenirs harm the ecosystem.
• Keep noise to a minimum. The area is a sanctuary for wildlife and other visitors seeking solitude.
• Do not feed or approach wildlife. Desert bighorn sheep, coyotes, and kit foxes live in the area.

Every year, hikers are cited for violating these rules. The BLM enforces fines up to $5,000 for environmental damage. Your actions directly impact the future of The Wave.

Weather and Seasonal Considerations

Weather in Coyote Buttes changes rapidly. Even on a clear morning, afternoon thunderstorms can roll in without warning. Monsoon season (July–September) brings flash floods that can trap hikers in narrow canyons. Never enter the area if rain is forecasted, even if it’s not raining where you are.

Winter hikes (November–February) require additional preparation. Temperatures can drop below freezing at night. Ice can form on rocks, making scrambling dangerous. Carry microspikes or crampons if hiking in winter. Snowfall is rare but possible—check local forecasts with the National Weather Service before departure.

Summer hikes are not recommended for inexperienced hikers. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are common. If you must hike in summer, start before 5 a.m., carry extra water, and wear a cooling towel or bandana. Avoid hiking between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m.

Group Dynamics and Safety

Hiking The Wave is physically demanding. Even fit individuals can struggle with the loose sand and altitude. Ensure everyone in your group is prepared for the hike. Discuss pace, emergency plans, and turn-around times before leaving the trailhead.

Designate a group leader responsible for navigation and timekeeping. Keep the group together—do not let anyone fall behind. If someone becomes fatigued or injured, do not continue. Turn around immediately. There is no shame in aborting the hike.

Inform someone outside your group of your itinerary—your planned route, start time, and expected return time. If you don’t check in within 12 hours of your return, they should alert authorities.

Photography Etiquette

The Wave is one of the most photographed natural landmarks in the world. But with great beauty comes great responsibility. Avoid the following:

• Standing on the rock surface to take photos—stay on the surrounding sand.
• Using flash or artificial lighting, which can disturb other visitors and wildlife.
• Blocking the path while taking selfies. Move to the side and let others pass.
• Bringing large tripods that require stepping on sensitive areas to set up.

Arrive early to secure the best light and avoid crowds. The best time for photography is during the golden hour—within an hour of sunrise or sunset. The light rakes across the sandstone, highlighting the undulating patterns in dramatic contrast.

Tools and Resources

Official Resources

• BLM Wave Permit System: https://www.blm.gov/visit/wave-permit – The only official source for permit applications and rules.
• Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness: https://www.blm.gov/visit/paria-canyon-vermilion-cliffs-wilderness – Detailed maps, regulations, and conservation information.
• National Weather Service – Kanab Forecast: https://www.weather.gov/ukx/ – Monitor local conditions for storms and temperature extremes.

Navigation and Mapping Tools

• Gaia GPS App: Download the “Coyote Buttes North Trail” offline map. It includes the exact route, elevation profile, and waypoints.
• AllTrails Pro: User-submitted trail logs and photos can help you anticipate terrain challenges.
• Google Earth: Use satellite imagery to visualize the trail and identify landmarks before you go.

Recommended Gear Suppliers

• Kanab 4x4 Rentals: Reliable 4WD vehicles with full insurance and roadside assistance.
• REI Co-op: High-quality hiking boots, hydration systems, and sun protection gear.
• Sea to Summit: Lightweight, compact emergency supplies and ultralight cooking kits.
• Deuter: Durable, well-fitted backpacks designed for long-distance hikes.

Community and Forums

Join these communities to connect with experienced hikers:

• Reddit – r/TheWave – Active forum with real-time updates, permit tips, and photo sharing.
• Backpacker.com Forums – Detailed trip reports and gear reviews from past hikers.
• Facebook Groups – “The Wave Permit Hikers” – A private group where applicants share lottery strategies and group formation tips.

These communities are invaluable for learning from others’ mistakes and successes. Many hikers who finally secure a permit do so after years of persistence—and the advice shared here can save you time, money, and frustration.

Real Examples

Example 1: The First-Time Hiker

Emma, a 32-year-old photographer from Portland, applied for a permit three times over two years before being selected. She applied in March for a May hike, choosing three dates: May 12, 15, and 20. She applied as a group of two with her partner. On her third attempt, she was selected on May 15.

Emma rented a Jeep Wrangler from Kanab 4x4 Rentals and loaded her pack with 1.5 gallons of water, electrolyte tablets, and a lightweight tripod. She started at 5:30 a.m. and reached The Wave by 8:15 a.m. The light was perfect. She spent 45 minutes photographing from a distance, avoiding the rock surface. She returned by 11:30 a.m., exhausted but exhilarated.

“I cried when I saw it,” she said. “It’s not just beautiful—it’s humbling. I’ve never felt so small in nature.”

Example 2: The Group of Four

Four friends from Colorado applied together for a September hike. They were rejected in April, May, and June. In July, they applied as two separate groups of two. Both groups were selected on September 3. They met at the trailhead, hiked together, and shared the experience.

They used Gaia GPS with offline maps and carried a satellite messenger (Garmin inReach) for emergencies. One member slipped on a loose rock and twisted an ankle. They used their first aid kit, stabilized the injury, and called for help using the inReach. A BLM ranger responded within 90 minutes and escorted them out.

“We were prepared for the hike, but not for the injury,” said one hiker. “That’s why the satellite device was worth every dollar.”

Example 3: The Winter Hike

David, a retired geologist from Arizona, hiked The Wave in early December. He wore microspikes, insulated layers, and a down jacket. The temperature at sunrise was 18°F (-8°C). He started at 6 a.m. and found the trail partially covered in frost. The rock was slippery, but the silence and solitude made it unforgettable.

“I was the only person there,” he said. “The sun hit the Wave at 8:15 a.m., and the colors exploded. It was like standing inside a jewel.”

He returned by 1 p.m. and drove back through snow-dusted desert. “I’ll do it again,” he added. “But never without microspikes.”

FAQs

How hard is it to get a permit for The Wave?

Extremely difficult. The advance lottery receives over 10,000 applications each month for only 10 available permits. Success rates average less than 1%. Many hikers apply for 2–5 years before being selected. Applying for off-season dates and smaller groups improves your odds.

Can I hike The Wave without a permit?

No. It is illegal and dangerous. Rangers patrol the area, and fines for trespassing range from $500 to $5,000. More importantly, without a permit, you’re unprepared for the terrain and weather, putting yourself and others at risk.

Is The Wave accessible to children or seniors?

It’s possible, but not recommended for very young children or those with mobility issues. The hike is 6–7 miles with uneven terrain and no shade. Children under 10 should not attempt it. Seniors should consult a physician and ensure they’re physically prepared for endurance hiking.

What if the weather turns bad during my hike?

If you encounter rain, lightning, or high winds, turn around immediately. Flash floods can occur without warning in narrow canyons. Do not seek shelter under overhangs—these can collapse. Find a safe, open area and wait until conditions improve.

Can I camp near The Wave?

No. Camping is prohibited in Coyote Buttes North. The nearest designated camping is at the Paria Canyon Campground or in Kanab. Overnight stays are not permitted on the trail or near The Wave.

Do I need a guide to hike The Wave?

Not officially, but many hikers hire guides for navigation and safety. Licensed guides are available through outfitters in Kanab. If you’re inexperienced with desert hiking or navigation, a guide is highly recommended.

How long does the hike take?

Most hikers take 4 to 6 hours round-trip. Faster hikers may complete it in 3.5 hours; slower groups or photographers may take up to 7 hours. Plan for the full 10-hour window allowed by the BLM.

Are dogs allowed on the hike?

No. Pets are prohibited in the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness to protect wildlife and preserve the natural environment.

What’s the best time of year to hike The Wave?

April–May and September–October offer the most comfortable temperatures and stable weather. Avoid summer heat and winter ice. Shoulder seasons provide the best balance of safety and scenery.

Can I hike The Wave during a full moon?

Yes—but only if you have a permit for that date. The trail is not lit, and night hiking is extremely dangerous without experience. The BLM does not recommend it. Stick to daylight hours.

Conclusion

Hiking The Wave in Coyote Buttes, Arizona, is more than a physical challenge—it’s a spiritual journey through one of Earth’s most ancient and breathtaking landscapes. The journey requires patience, preparation, and profound respect for nature. Every step you take must be intentional, every choice guided by conservation.

The permit system, while frustrating, exists for a reason: to protect this irreplaceable wonder. By following the rules, packing responsibly, and hiking with humility, you become part of a small, privileged community that has witnessed one of the planet’s most extraordinary creations.

There are no guarantees. You may apply ten times before you succeed. But if you persist, prepare, and approach the trail with reverence, your chance will come. When it does, you’ll stand beneath the swirling sandstone, the wind whispering across millennia, and you’ll understand why so many have waited—and why so few ever forget.

Plan wisely. Hike responsibly. Leave only footprints—and take only memories.