How to Tour the Craters of the Moon in Idaho

The Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve in Idaho is one of the most extraordinary volcanic landscapes on Earth. Spanning over 1,100 square miles, this remote expanse of solidified lava flows, cinder cones, and lava tubes offers visitors a rare glimpse into the planet’s dynamic geological past. Often described as a lunar-like terrain, the area was formed by a series of volcanic eruptions between 15,000 and 2,000 years ago, creating a vast, otherworldly desert of black basalt that stretches beneath open skies and sparse vegetation. Despite its stark appearance, the Craters of the Moon is teeming with life—adapted plants, elusive wildlife, and a quiet, profound sense of solitude that draws adventurers, photographers, geologists, and nature lovers from across the globe.

Touring the Craters of the Moon is not merely a scenic drive—it is an immersive experience into Earth’s volcanic history. Unlike many national parks that prioritize crowds and amenities, Craters of the Moon offers an unfiltered connection to raw geology. Its isolation and minimal development preserve its authenticity, making it one of the most rewarding destinations for those seeking solitude, education, and awe. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or a first-time visitor, understanding how to navigate this landscape safely and respectfully is essential to fully appreciate its majesty.

This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step walkthrough of how to tour the Craters of the Moon in Idaho. From planning your route and selecting the right gear to interpreting the geology and minimizing your environmental impact, every detail is covered. You’ll learn best practices for safety and sustainability, discover essential tools and resources, examine real-world examples from fellow visitors, and find answers to frequently asked questions. By the end of this guide, you’ll be fully equipped to explore this unique landscape with confidence, knowledge, and deep appreciation.

Step-by-Step Guide

Plan Your Visit: Timing and Seasons

The Craters of the Moon is accessible year-round, but the optimal time to visit depends on your interests and tolerance for extreme conditions. Late spring (May to June) and early fall (September to October) are the most popular seasons. During these months, daytime temperatures range from 60°F to 80°F, making hiking and exploration comfortable. Summer months (July and August) can see temperatures soar above 90°F, with minimal shade and intense sun exposure. Winter visits are possible but require preparation for snow, ice, and road closures—the main park road may be plowed only intermittently, and some trails become impassable.

For photography enthusiasts, sunrise and sunset offer the most dramatic lighting. The low-angle sun casts long shadows across the lava flows, accentuating ridges, cracks, and textures that are invisible under midday glare. If you plan to visit during peak summer, schedule your hike for early morning or late afternoon to avoid heat exhaustion. Always check the National Park Service website for current conditions before departure, as weather and fire restrictions can change rapidly.

Obtain Necessary Permits and Information

No permit is required for day visits to Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve. However, if you plan to camp overnight, backcountry camping is allowed in designated areas with a free permit obtained at the visitor center. There are no developed campgrounds within the monument, so campers must practice Leave No Trace principles and set up at least 200 feet from trails and water sources.

Before arriving, visit the official National Park Service page for Craters of the Moon to download the latest map, trail guide, and safety advisories. The visitor center at the entrance provides orientation films, ranger-led program schedules, and up-to-date information on trail conditions. Even if you don’t plan to stop, downloading the park’s mobile app or printing a paper map is highly recommended—cell service is nonexistent throughout most of the monument.

Enter the Park and Drive the Loop Road

The primary access point is the Craters of the Moon Visitor Center, located off U.S. Highway 20, approximately 45 miles west of Arco and 80 miles east of Twin Falls. The road into the monument is paved and well-maintained, leading to a 7.5-mile one-way loop road that circles the most significant geological features. This loop is the backbone of any visit and should be your first priority.

As you drive, pull over at the nine numbered interpretive stops. Each stop features a kiosk with detailed information on the surrounding lava formations, including the origin of the flow, age estimates, and unique features like pressure ridges, lava tubes, and spatter cones. The stops are spaced to allow for brief stops without rushing. Use the interpretive signs to connect what you see with the science behind it—this transforms the drive from a scenic cruise into an educational journey.

Explore Key Trails on Foot

While the loop road offers a comprehensive overview, the true magic of Craters of the Moon reveals itself on foot. Three main trails provide varying levels of challenge and insight:

• Devil’s Orchard Trail (1 mile loop): This easy, wheelchair-accessible trail winds through a field of large, moss-covered lava blocks known as “tree molds”—impressions left by ancient trees engulfed by lava. The trail is ideal for families and those seeking a short, informative walk.
• Big Craters Trail (1.5 miles loop): A moderate trail that ascends gently to the base of the Big Craters cinder cone. The climb rewards hikers with panoramic views of the entire lava field and the surrounding Snake River Plain. This is one of the best spots for photographing the contrast between dark lava and green sagebrush.
• Blue Dragon Trail (3.5 miles round trip): A strenuous trail that descends into a lava tube system. This is the only trail in the park that leads into an open lava tube, offering a rare opportunity to walk through a natural underground tunnel formed by flowing lava. Flashlights or headlamps are mandatory. The trail includes uneven terrain, steep drops, and low ceilings—appropriate only for experienced hikers with proper gear.

Each trail begins with a kiosk that explains the geology and safety precautions. Always start with the shortest trail to acclimate to the terrain. The lava rock is sharp and uneven—sturdy hiking boots with ankle support are non-negotiable. Carry water, even on short hikes, as dehydration can occur quickly in the dry, windy environment.

Visit the Lava Tubes: Safety and Preparation

Lava tubes are among the most fascinating features of Craters of the Moon. Formed when the outer layer of a lava flow cools and hardens while molten rock continues to flow beneath, these tunnels can stretch for miles underground. The Blue Dragon Trail leads into one of the most accessible tubes, but entering any lava tube requires preparation.

Never enter a lava tube alone. Always inform someone of your plans and expected return time. Bring at least two independent light sources—headlamps with spare batteries are ideal. Wear long pants, gloves, and closed-toe shoes to protect against sharp rock edges and falling debris. The interior of the tubes can be cold, damp, and disorienting. Do not rely on cell phones for navigation; GPS signals do not penetrate underground. Stick to marked paths and avoid climbing on unstable walls or ceilings.

For those uncomfortable entering a tube, the surface expressions of lava tubes—collapsed sections called “skylights”—can be viewed from designated overlooks. These provide a safe glimpse into the subterranean world without the risks of descent.

Observe and Document Wildlife and Flora

Despite its harsh appearance, Craters of the Moon supports a surprising variety of life. The area is home to mule deer, pronghorn antelope, coyotes, porcupines, and over 150 species of birds. The most resilient plants include rabbitbrush, sagebrush, and the rare Craters of the Moon buckwheat, which blooms in late spring with small white flowers.

Use binoculars to observe wildlife from a distance. Do not feed or approach animals. Many species here are adapted to extreme conditions and are easily stressed by human presence. If you spot a plant or animal you can’t identify, take a photo and use a field guide app like iNaturalist to record your observation. Citizen science contributions help park biologists monitor biodiversity in this fragile ecosystem.

Leave No Trace and Respect the Landscape

Craters of the Moon is a protected area with minimal infrastructure. There are no trash cans, water fountains, or restrooms along the loop road—only at the visitor center. Pack out everything you bring in, including food wrappers, tissues, and water bottles. Even biodegradable items like fruit peels can disrupt native plant growth.

Stay on designated trails and roads. Walking on lava rock damages the fragile crust and accelerates erosion. The surface may appear solid, but thin layers can crack underfoot, exposing unstable subsurface material. Never climb on cinder cones or remove rocks, plants, or artifacts. Everything you see is protected by federal law.

Best Practices

Hydration and Sun Protection

The high desert environment of Craters of the Moon is deceptively dangerous. Elevation ranges from 5,900 to 7,200 feet, increasing the risk of altitude-related fatigue. The sun reflects intensely off the dark lava, intensifying UV exposure. Even on cloudy days, sunburn can occur rapidly.

Bring at least one gallon of water per person for a full-day visit. Electrolyte tablets or sports drinks can help maintain balance in dry, hot conditions. Wear a wide-brimmed hat, UV-blocking sunglasses, and SPF 50+ sunscreen. Reapply every two hours, especially after sweating. Lightweight, long-sleeved shirts and pants provide additional protection and reduce the risk of scrapes from sharp rock.

Dress for Temperature Swings

Daytime and nighttime temperatures can vary by 40°F or more. Even in summer, evenings grow chilly. Layer your clothing: start with moisture-wicking base layers, add an insulating mid-layer like fleece, and finish with a windproof outer shell. Avoid cotton, which retains moisture and increases the risk of hypothermia. A packable down jacket is ideal for quick temperature adjustments.

Navigation Without Cell Service

There is no cellular reception anywhere within the monument. Rely on offline maps. Download the National Park Service’s official Craters of the Moon map using the Gaia GPS or AllTrails app before entering the area. Print a physical map as a backup. A compass is useful for orientation if you deviate from the main trails.

Mark your vehicle’s location on your map before hiking. The lava fields can appear identical from different angles, making it easy to lose directional sense. If you become disoriented, stay put and use your whistle or mirror to signal for help. Rangers conduct routine patrols, but response times can be delayed due to the park’s remoteness.

Respect Cultural and Scientific Significance

The land surrounding Craters of the Moon holds deep cultural meaning for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes. Archaeological evidence suggests Indigenous peoples used the area for hunting, gathering, and spiritual practices for thousands of years. Avoid disturbing rock piles, petroglyphs, or any cultural artifacts you may encounter. If you find something that appears man-made, photograph it in place and report it to the visitor center.

Scientists study the site as an analog for lunar and Martian surfaces due to its barren, volcanic terrain. Your actions directly impact ongoing research. Do not create new trails, build rock cairns, or leave any marks on the lava. Preserve the integrity of this natural laboratory for future generations.

Photography Tips for the Landscape

Craters of the Moon is a photographer’s paradise, but capturing its essence requires technique. Use a polarizing filter to reduce glare and enhance the contrast between black rock and blue sky. Shoot in RAW format to retain maximum detail in shadows and highlights.

For wide-angle shots, include a human figure or vehicle to convey scale—this landscape is so vast that it’s easy to underestimate its size. During golden hour, position yourself so the sun illuminates the ridges of the lava flows from the side, creating dramatic texture. At night, the lack of light pollution makes this one of the best dark-sky locations in the Intermountain West. Bring a tripod for long-exposure astrophotography of the Milky Way.

Travel in Groups and Communicate Plans

While solitude is part of the experience, safety demands communication. Never hike alone in remote areas. Inform a friend or family member of your itinerary, including which trails you plan to take and your estimated return time. Carry a personal locator beacon (PLB) or satellite messenger like Garmin inReach if you’re venturing beyond the main loop. These devices send GPS coordinates to emergency services even without cell service.

Tools and Resources

Official National Park Service Website

The most reliable source for current conditions, alerts, and educational content is the official National Park Service page for Craters of the Moon: nps.gov/crmo. Here you’ll find downloadable maps, trail descriptions, seasonal alerts, and ranger program schedules. Bookmark this site before your trip.

Mobile Apps for Offline Navigation

• Gaia GPS: Offers detailed topographic maps, trail overlays, and offline access. Download the Craters of the Moon map layer in advance.
• AllTrails: User-submitted trail reviews and photos. Filter by difficulty, length, and popularity. Download offline maps for the Blue Dragon, Big Craters, and Devil’s Orchard trails.
• iNaturalist: Identify plants and animals you encounter. Contribute observations to scientific databases and learn about local biodiversity.
• Star Walk 2: For night sky viewing, this app identifies stars, planets, and constellations in real time—perfect for stargazing at Craters of the Moon.

Recommended Gear Checklist

• Sturdy hiking boots with ankle support
• At least 1 gallon of water per person
• Electrolyte supplements or sports drinks
• Wide-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses
• SPF 50+ sunscreen and lip balm with SPF
• Windproof and waterproof outer shell
• Lightweight insulating mid-layer (fleece or down)
• Headlamp or flashlight with extra batteries
• First aid kit including blister treatment and tweezers
• Whistle and signal mirror
• Portable power bank for devices
• Binoculars
• Camera with extra memory cards
• Physical map and compass
• Trash bags (pack out all waste)

Books and Educational Materials

• Craters of the Moon: A Natural History by John R. Johnson – A detailed scientific overview of the geology and ecology.
• Geology Underfoot in Southern Idaho by Robert E. Decker – Includes chapter on the lava flows and volcanic history.
• NPS Junior Ranger Program booklet – Free at the visitor center; ideal for families.
• “Volcanoes of the Snake River Plain” documentary (available on NPS YouTube channel) – A 20-minute visual primer on the area’s formation.

Volunteer and Citizen Science Opportunities

Visitors can contribute to ongoing conservation efforts by participating in citizen science projects. The park occasionally hosts guided biological surveys and invasive species monitoring. Contact the visitor center to inquire about upcoming opportunities. Your data helps scientists track how climate change affects high-desert ecosystems.

Real Examples

Case Study: The Family Who Learned to Hike the Blue Dragon Trail

In June 2023, the Martinez family from Boise visited Craters of the Moon with their two children, ages 10 and 12. They had seen photos online and assumed the park was like Yellowstone—full of paved paths and amenities. Arriving unprepared, they quickly realized the terrain was far more rugged than expected.

After speaking with a ranger at the visitor center, they adjusted their plans. They started with the Devil’s Orchard Trail, where their children were fascinated by the tree molds. They then hiked the Big Craters Trail, which offered stunning views and manageable elevation gain. On the final day, they joined a ranger-led tour of the Blue Dragon lava tube. Equipped with headlamps and proper footwear, the kids were awestruck by the underground tunnel. “It felt like we were on another planet,” said the 12-year-old.

They returned home with a deeper appreciation for geology and a commitment to always research a destination before visiting. Their experience underscores the importance of preparation and flexibility.

Case Study: The Solo Photographer Capturing the Milky Way

In August 2022, a professional landscape photographer from Colorado spent three nights at Craters of the Moon. He arrived after sunset and set up his tripod near the northern overlook, far from the main road. Using a 24mm lens and 30-second exposures, he captured the Milky Way arching over the lava fields with stunning clarity.

He used a Garmin inReach to send hourly location updates to a friend and carried a backup battery pack. He noted that the lack of light pollution allowed him to photograph stars invisible in most other U.S. national parks. His series, titled “Lava Under the Stars,” was later featured in National Geographic and helped raise awareness about the park’s dark-sky status.

Case Study: The Geology Student’s Research Project

A graduate student from the University of Idaho conducted field research at Craters of the Moon in 2021, studying the mineral composition of recent lava flows. She spent two weeks mapping surface textures and collecting samples (with proper permits). Her findings contributed to a peer-reviewed paper on how basaltic lava cools under arid conditions.

She emphasized the importance of staying on designated trails to avoid contaminating study areas. “Every footprint on the lava crust can alter the micro-environment for lichen growth,” she explained. Her work exemplifies how responsible visitation supports scientific discovery.

FAQs

Can I drive a regular car on the Craters of the Moon Loop Road?

Yes. The 7.5-mile loop road is fully paved and suitable for standard passenger vehicles. No high-clearance or four-wheel-drive vehicle is required. However, avoid driving during heavy rain or snow, as the road can become slick and icy.

Are dogs allowed in the park?

Dogs are permitted on the loop road and in the visitor center area but must be leashed at all times. They are not allowed on any hiking trails, including Devil’s Orchard, to protect wildlife and prevent damage to fragile vegetation. Do not leave pets unattended in vehicles—temperatures can rise rapidly.

Is there cell service or Wi-Fi in the park?

No. There is no cellular reception or public Wi-Fi anywhere within the monument. Plan accordingly by downloading maps, guides, and emergency contacts before arrival.

Can I camp overnight at Craters of the Moon?

Yes, but only in designated backcountry sites. There are no developed campgrounds. Obtain a free permit at the visitor center. Camp at least 200 feet from trails and water sources. Practice strict Leave No Trace principles—pack out all waste, including human waste (use a portable toilet or dig a cathole 6–8 inches deep).

What’s the best time of year to see wildflowers?

Late May through early July is peak wildflower season. Look for the rare Craters of the Moon buckwheat, Indian paintbrush, and desert lilies. The best viewing is along the Devil’s Orchard Trail and near the visitor center.

Are there guided tours available?

Yes. Rangers offer free guided walks and talks during the summer months (June–August). Check the schedule at the visitor center or online. These include lava tube tours, geology walks, and night sky programs. Reservations are not required, but arrive early as space is limited.

Can I collect rocks or plants as souvenirs?

No. All natural and cultural resources are protected by federal law. Removing rocks, plants, or artifacts is illegal and punishable by fines. Take only photographs and memories.

Is the park accessible for visitors with mobility challenges?

The visitor center, restrooms, and Devil’s Orchard Trail are wheelchair accessible. The loop road has accessible pullouts at each interpretive stop. Other trails involve uneven terrain and are not ADA-compliant. Contact the visitor center in advance for assistance options.

Conclusion

Touring the Craters of the Moon in Idaho is not a passive experience—it demands engagement, preparation, and reverence. This is not a theme park with rides and concessions. It is a living laboratory of Earth’s volcanic power, a sanctuary for resilient life, and a canvas for quiet contemplation. To visit here is to step into a world shaped by fire and time, where every ridge tells a story and every shadow hides a secret.

By following the steps outlined in this guide—from planning your visit and selecting the right gear to respecting the land and documenting your journey—you transform a simple trip into a meaningful encounter with nature’s raw artistry. Whether you’re photographing the Milky Way above a lava tube, identifying a rare buckwheat bloom, or simply sitting in silence on a cinder cone as the sun sets, you become part of the landscape’s ongoing story.

The Craters of the Moon will not reveal itself to the careless or the unprepared. But for those who come with curiosity, caution, and care, it offers one of the most profound experiences in the American West. Leave no trace. Take only knowledge. And carry the memory of this black desert with you—not as a souvenir, but as a reminder of the planet’s enduring power.