Types of Heating Oil in the UK: A Detailed Guide
Heating oil is a widely used source of fuel in the UK, particularly in rural areas where homes and businesses are not connected to the mains gas network. It plays a crucial role in providing warmth and hot water during the colder months. However, not all heating oils are the same. There are different types, each with its own characteristics, uses, costs, and environmental impacts. This article explores the main types of heating oil available in the UK, helping consumers make informed choices.
What is Heating Oil?
Heating oil is a refined petroleum product designed specifically for use in heating systems. It is similar to diesel but refined to different standards to ensure efficient and clean combustion in oil-fired boilers and heaters. Heating oil is stored in tanks on-site and is delivered in bulk by suppliers.
The Two Primary Types of Heating Oil in the UK
The UK primarily uses two types of heating oil: Kerosene (28-second oil) and Gas Oil (35-second oil or red diesel). The key differences between them lie in their viscosity, taxation, usage, and environmental effects.
1. Kerosene (28-Second Oil)
Kerosene, often called 28-second oil due to the time it takes to flow through a standard test nozzle at 20°C, is the most common heating oil for domestic use.
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Usage: It is widely used in homes to fuel oil-fired boilers and heaters.
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Advantages: Kerosene burns relatively cleanly, producing less soot and particulates. This reduces maintenance needs and helps boilers operate efficiently.
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Cost: It tends to be more expensive than gas oil because it attracts higher fuel duty (tax).
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Environmental Impact: Although a fossil fuel, kerosene produces fewer emissions compared to heavier oils, making it a cleaner option for residential heating.
2. Gas Oil (35-Second Oil or Red Diesel)
Gas oil, also known as red diesel due to the red dye added for taxation identification, is thicker and less refined than kerosene. It has a higher viscosity, taking around 35 seconds in the flow test.
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Usage: It is mainly used in commercial, agricultural, and industrial heating applications, as well as for some machinery.
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Advantages: Gas oil is cheaper than kerosene due to a lower fuel duty.
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Cost: Its lower tax rate makes it a cost-effective option, but it is not legally allowed for domestic heating use.
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Environmental Impact: Gas oil produces more soot and particulates, which can impact boiler performance and increase pollution.
Emerging Option: Bioheating Oil
Bioheating oil is gaining popularity as a greener alternative. It is a blend of traditional heating oil with renewable biofuels derived from plant oils or animal fats.
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Benefits: Bioheating oil reduces carbon emissions and can often be used in existing oil boilers without modifications.
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Availability: Suppliers commonly offer blends with up to 30% biofuel content, supporting environmental sustainability.
Safety and Regulations
In the UK, kerosene is the only heating oil approved for most domestic heating systems. Gas oil is restricted to commercial and agricultural use due to taxation rules. Proper storage in approved tanks and regular maintenance are vital to ensure safety and efficiency.
Conclusion
In summary, kerosene remains the standard heating oil for UK homes due to its clean-burning properties and legal approval. Gas oil, while cheaper, is reserved for commercial and agricultural applications. Bioheating oil is an environmentally friendly alternative that helps reduce carbon footprints without needing new equipment. Understanding these options allows consumers to balance cost, performance, and environmental impact when choosing heating oil.
